When a narcissistic individual perceives a threat to their grandiose, superior, and entitled self-image, they experience what is called “narcissistic injury.” The term “injury” refers to the emotional or psychological harm experienced by those with narcissistic traits when someone or something challenges their self-esteem, self-worth, or self-image.
Narcissistic injury can lead to profound feelings of humiliation, shame, or inadequacy, triggering self-righteous defensive mechanisms, such as rage, violence, and vindictiveness.
To some degree, we all experience narcissistic injury from time to time, but on a more minor scale. It is a common human experience to have emotional reactions when we are criticized, rejected, or diminished.
However, what differentiates a minor narcissistic injury from a more significant one is the frequency, intensity, and persistence of the reactions.
For narcissistic individuals, these injuries can be overly frequent and intense and can lead to a range of dysfunctional behaviors.
What Causes Narcissistic Injury?
Narcissistic injury occurs when something or someone challenges a narcissist’s inflated sense of superiority, specialness, or entitlement.
Narcissists tend to have especially fragile self-images that are threatened easily and often.
Some common causes of narcissistic injury include:
Entitlement
At the very core of narcissistic injury lies entitlement. Narcissists often have an unrealistic and grandiose view of themselves. They feel entitled to the unconditional positive regard, admiration, and attention of other people.
When these entitled needs are not met and their idealized self-image is challenged, it can lead to a narcissistic injury.
Furthermore, because of their self-righteous beliefs, narcissists are unable to accept responsibility for their own actions. Instead, they feel entitled to an apology.
Threats to Their Self-Image
A narcissist’s grandiose self-image is a survival mechanism; a protective fortress they have built around themselves to cope with deep-seated feelings of inadequacy, vulnerability, or low self-esteem.
In their minds, only accomplished, successful, and powerful individuals deserve love, attention, and admiration.
Thus, by constructing a grandiose and superior self-image, narcissists can avoid facing their underlying insecurities and feelings of vulnerability.
When a narcissist experiences criticism, rejection, or feelings of worthlessness, they will respond with anger and defensiveness, manipulating or exploiting others to maintain their self-image.
Challenges to Self-Perceived Dominance
Highly narcissistic individuals believe that they are superior and dominant beings, who are entitled to control their environments and the people in it.
When their self-perceived dominance is challenged, they experience narcissistic injury – “how dare you challenge me?”
If you disagree or argue with a narcissist or attempt to escape their control, you are challenging their position of power. This can trigger a strong and defensive response, which may manifest as rage, aggression, or intense anger.
Here is an example from the victim of a narcissistic relationship, taken from a qualitative study:
“The minute I stood up against him or he felt he was losing control he would get aggressive and violent . . . once we were arguing and he knew he was losing the argument so he grabbed the iron, held it two inches from my face and said “I will burn you and nobody will ever look at you again.”
Fear of Abandonment
Underneath the grandiose façade, individuals with narcissistic traits often have deep-seated insecurities and fears of rejection or abandonment. Any perceived threat of rejection can trigger a narcissistic injury.
Abandonment might refer to being physically left behind or being made to feel undesirable or unimportant in any other way (e.g., someone withholds affection or sex; someone does not call them back).
What Happens When You Cause A Narcissistic Injury?
When you cause a narcissistic injury, it means you have threatened or challenged the fragile self-esteem and grandiose self-image of a person with narcissistic traits.
The specific reaction to a narcissistic injury can vary depending on the individual and the circumstances, but some responses may include:
Rage and Overt Aggression
A common reaction to a narcissistic injury is intense anger and rage. The narcissistic individual may lash out verbally or even physically, aiming to re-establish a sense of control and superiority.
Passive Aggression
Passive aggressive behavior is an indirect way of expressing negative feelings. This could include withdrawing emotionally, sulking, or giving you silent treatment.
Refusing to communicate with someone can be a way to avoid confrontation, but it can also be used as punishment and control. Passive aggressive behavior, such as silent treatment, will leave someone feeling uncertain, anxious, and ostracized.
These are difficult emotions to deal with, which makes it more likely that the victim will apologize or otherwise cater to the narcissist’s needs – giving them control.
Denial
If you confront a narcissist about their behavior, they are likely to deny it. Their grandiose sense of self does not allow them to take responsibility for their actions or accept that they made a mistake, so they will deny any wrongdoing.
This can be referred to as narcissistic gaslighting wherein a narcissist will attempt to confuse you or make you doubt your perception of reality.
For example, they might say “that never happened” or “I would never do such a thing,” even if there is clear evidence of the contrary.
Devaluation
Devaluation is a psychological process in which a person diminishes or devalues the worth, importance, or achievements of others. When a narcissist feels wounded or their sense of superiority is challenged, they may react by devaluing the person or object they perceive as the source of their injury.
They might tell you “there is something wrong with you,” “you are crazy,” or “without me, you are nothing.”
Devaluation serves to allow the narcissist to maintain superiority, protect their self image, dismiss criticism, and establish dominance.
Opposition
Opposition is a narcissist’s tendency to resist or oppose any form of criticism, feedback, or requests that challenge their sense of superiority or control.
When faced with opposition, narcissists often react defensively, exhibiting defiance, disregard for rules and boundaries, and deflection.
Victim playing
Victim playing is a manipulative tactic used to gain sympathy, attention, or support from others. When a narcissist feels threatened or has to face consequences for their actions, they perceive this as a narcissistic injury.
So, instead of apologizing for their behavior or taking responsibility, they will adopt the role of a victim to deflect blame, avoid accountability, and manipulate others into feeling sorry for them.
Projection
Defensive projection refers to projecting your own feelings, thoughts, and behaviors onto another person as a way to avoid confronting them yourself.
When a narcissist experiences discomfort or guilt about something they have done or feel, they project those negative feelings onto another person, often accusing that person of possessing those undesirable qualities or intentions.
Projection helps the narcissist maintain their idealized self-image and shields them from acknowledging their own shortcomings or flaws.
What to Do If You Have Inflicted a Narcissistic Wound
Inflicting a narcissistic injury or wound on a narcissist is not something that can be easily predicted or controlled. Causing a narcissistic injury could happen inadvertently through normal interactions, such as expressing a difference of opinion, setting boundaries, or providing constructive feedback.
It can be challenging to predict how a narcissist will react to a particular situation as they are highly sensitive individuals with fragile self-esteem.
If you believe that you have unintentionally inflicted a narcissistic wound on someone with narcissistic traits, it’s essential to approach the situation with empathy and sensitivity. Here are some steps to consider:
De-Escalate
If the person responds with anger or aggression, try not to escalate the situation further. By remaining calm and composed, you can help bring the narcissist down from their rage. This will keep you safe and avoid further abuse.
- Avoid engaging in confrontational or heated exchanges
- Do not blame (they will always turn the tables back on you)
- Focus on listening rather than talking
- Offer empathy and validation for their emotions (e.g., “I understand why you are feeling angry”)
- Do not expect an apology
- Change topics to something you know they like to talk about or know a lot about
- Do not take their insults personally
Set Boundaries and Prioritize Your Well-Being
If the person’s reaction becomes excessive or abusive, prioritize your own well-being and set appropriate boundaries. It’s okay to step back from the situation if it becomes emotionally overwhelming or unsafe.
Prioritize your well-being and make decisions from a place of self-love, rather than to appease the narcissist.
It is important to keep yourself safe. Dealing with the aftermath of causing a narcissistic wound can be challenging. If you find it difficult to handle the situation on your own, consider seeking support from friends, family, or a mental health professional.
Leave If Necessary
If you feel you are in danger — physically, psychologically, or emotionally — do not hesitate to leave. If necessary, call the police.
You can read more here on how to cope with narcissists.
For Narcissists: How to Get Past a Wound
Acknowledging and processing emotional wounds can be difficult. You must accept that perfection is an illusion, recognize your triggers, and identify the kind of person you would like to be.
As noted earlier, we all experience narcissistic wounds to our self-esteem and sense of self from time to time. However, for those with higher levels of narcissism, these wounds cut deeper and the ensuing emotions are more extreme.
Narcissism, like most other personality traits, lies on a spectrum with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) lying at one extreme. If you have identified narcissistic traits within yourself, this does not necessarily mean you have a personality disorder.
However, it likely means that you have traits that negatively impact you and the people around you. Nevertheless, there are steps they can take to cope with emotional wounds and foster personal growth:
Therapy
Working with a therapist can help you to understand your triggers, beliefs, and behaviors.
Sometimes it can be difficult to recognize unhelpful patterns of thought and behavior in ourselves, so seeking support from a mental health professional can provide valuable support in exploring emotions and addressing underlying issues.
Professional therapy or counseling is often the most effective and constructive approach to supporting personal growth and navigating emotional challenges for individuals with narcissistic traits.
Self-Awareness
Developing self-awareness can be a crucial step in understanding how wounds affect thoughts, behaviors, and relationships. Recognizing and accepting one’s emotions, vulnerabilities, and flaws are essential for personal growth.
Identify Triggers
Triggers refer to any situations, words, or behaviors that produce strong negative feelings in you. What makes you feel injured and why?
Write a list or keep a diary of everything that injures your self-esteem and sense of self. For example, “when people criticize me, it makes me angry.”
Then, think about how else you might interpret the actions of others. Could they be expressing how they feel without the intention of hurting me? Give people the benefit of the doubt and try not to take things personally.
Practice Empathy
Cultivating empathy for oneself and others can be challenging for narcissistic individuals. Practicing empathy involves considering the feelings and perspectives of others, which can help build more meaningful connections and improve relationships.
Try to vividly imagine life from another person’s perspective. Imagine how another person will experience your words and behaviors. How would you react if someone else treated you in this way?
Be curious and try to listen to the other person’s perspective.
Identify Behaviors
Are there ways that you behave that are causing you problems? Are there behaviors you wish you could change, such as becoming enraged or vindictive? Make a list of the behaviors you want to surrender.
Find Alternatives
Recognizing and challenging defense mechanisms, such as projection or denial, can open up opportunities for personal growth and change.
Close your eyes and imagine what kind of person would you like to be, how you would like to treat yourself and others, and how you want others to see you. Keep your attention on the outcome, not the problem.
Put It Into Action
When we are triggered, we often fall back into old patterns. If we sense a threat, we will likely have a strong emotional reaction, going into autopilot and behaving in our old ways.
This is where you must intervene: take a pause, count to 20, and remember how we want to react and the kind of person we want to become.
It can also be helpful to engage in activities that promote personal growth, self-improvement, and self-reflection. This may include journaling, mindfulness exercises, or pursuing hobbies and interests.
Have Patience
It can take time, hard work, and patience to change our beliefs and behaviors. Celebrate the small wins, keep working, never give up, and remember that personal growth is achievable.
Sources
Green, A., & Charles, K. (2019). Voicing the Victims of Narcissistic Partners: A Qualitative Analysis of Responses to Narcissistic Injury and Self-Esteem Regulation. SAGE Open, 9(2).
Levin, J. D. (1993). Slings and arrows: Narcissistic injury and its treatment. Jason Aronson.
